How to escape in the event of a fire_ Fire escape and self rescue methods

Once a fire breaks out, surrounded by thick smoke, toxic gas, and flames, many people die in the sea of fire, while others narrowly escape. So, how should one escape from a fire? What are the fire escape and self rescue methods?

Methods for self rescue in case of fire

1. If clothing on the body causes a fire due to static electricity or careless smoking, it should be quickly removed or torn off, or rolled over on the ground to extinguish the fire, but be careful not to roll too fast. Be sure not to run in burning clothes. If there is water, it can be quickly extinguished with water, but when the human body is burned, water must not be used to prevent infection.

2. If dormitories, classrooms, laboratories, hotels, restaurants, bathrooms, *, etc. catch fire, the following methods can be used to escape:

(1) The method of using a towel or handkerchief to cover the nose and mouth in a fire is due to the characteristics of high temperature, high toxicity, low oxygen, and high carbon monoxide in smoke. Inhalation can easily cause burns or nerve toxicity to the respiratory system. Therefore, during the evacuation process, a wet towel or handkerchief should be used to cover the mouth and nose (but the thickness of the towel and handkerchief should not exceed six layers). Attention: Do not evacuate with the wind, quickly escape to the upwind to avoid the harm of fireworks. Due to the characteristics of excessive smoke gathering in the upper space during a fire, which spreads quickly upwards and slowly horizontally, it is not advisable to walk upright during evacuation. Instead, one should bend or crawl forward. However, in the case of a fire involving liquefied petroleum gas or urban gas, crawling forward should not be used.

(2) Covering Body Protection Technique. Cover yourself with a soaked cotton coat, quilt, door curtain, blanket, burlap bag, etc. After determining the escape route, rush out of the fire as quickly as possible and reach a safe location. However, be careful to cover your nose and mouth to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

(3) Sealing method. If there is a large fire in the corridor, opposite door, or next door that cannot be evacuated, you can retreat into a room and seal the door gaps with towels, blankets, blankets, blankets, blankets, or other fabrics to prevent heating. You can continuously pour water upwards for cooling. To prevent external flames and smoke from invading, in order to suppress the speed of fire spread and prolong the time.

(4) Bathroom Shelter Law. When there is no escape route in the event of a fire, one can take refuge in the bathroom. Due to the high humidity and low temperature in the bathroom, water can be splashed on the door or floor to cool down. Water can also be sprayed from the crack of the door towards the outside to achieve the purpose of cooling down or controlling the spread of the fire.

(5) Multi story building fire escape method. If a multi story building catches fire and the smoke and fire from the stairs are particularly intense, one can use the balcony, water chute, and rain shelter of the house to escape. Ropes and fire hoses can also be used, or bed sheets can be torn into strips to connect. However, one end must be tightly tied to a sturdy heating system pipeline or a hook of a heat dissipating radiator, as well as doors, windows, or other heavy objects, and then slide down the rope.

(6) Forced jump escape method. If the above self rescue methods are adopted unconditionally, and time is very tight and the threat of fireworks is serious, and the lower floors are forced to jump, this method can be used to escape. However, first throw some thick cotton quilts and sofa cushions onto the ground to increase cushioning, then slide down the window sill with your hands to reduce the height of the jump and ensure that your feet land first.

3. When a fire occurs, you can call out loudly from windows, balconies, shaded platforms, rooftops, roofs, or refuge levels, tapping on metal objects, throwing soft objects, and using the sound and light of flashlights, lighters, and other objects at night to send out a distress signal. Get the attention of rescue personnel and buy time for escape.

The principles of fire escape

*The principle of escaping from a fire is to evacuate safely and combine rescue efforts.

Safe evacuation refers to the rapid evacuation of personnel from hazardous areas in a fire scene by seizing favorable opportunities, using nearby and convenient terrain and tools.

The combination of rescue is the combination of self rescue and mutual rescue. At the scene of a fire, we not only need to evacuate the scene as soon as possible, but also actively help the elderly, weak, sick, disabled, women, children, and others evacuate. We must avoid chaos, otherwise it will block the passage and cause a big disaster; The second is the combination of escape and rescue. Sometimes fires are ever-changing, and if the danger is not eliminated in a timely manner, it may cause more casualties. Therefore, when conditions permit, every effort should be made to eliminate dangerous situations, delay the occurrence of fires, and reduce the scale of disasters; The third is to combine rescuing people with rescuing objects. In all cases, rescuing people is always important, and never miss the opportunity to escape by rescuing personal valuables.

Selection of escape routes in the event of a fire

People tend to choose the following paths when escaping from a fire:

(1) Destiny: Escape towards the place you are most familiar with.

(2) Daily Habit: Escape from the most commonly used stairs or exits in daily life

(3) Openness: Refers to escaping in a direction that is open or spacious.

(4) Proximity: Escape towards * into view or the nearest direction.

(5) Instinctive avoidance of danger: Instinctively avoiding the direction of fire and smoke.

(6) Blind obedience: following the direction of most people's escape.

(7) Self perceived safety directionality: that is, escaping towards a path that one deems safe, such as jumping from a low floor.

(8) Rational analysis: the ability to calmly analyze risks, have a balanced approach, have evidence from top to bottom, and safely evacuate.

Precautions for fire escape and self rescue

The above various escape tendencies, of course, are most advisable through rational analysis. However, in order to be fearless in the face of disasters and calm in times of panic, in addition to having a high level of psychological resilience, it is also necessary to be familiar with and master the following 3 to 5 items.

1. Familiarize oneself with the environment

We should develop a habit of being familiar with the structure of familiar or unfamiliar environments. For example, for long-term households, workplaces, hotels, restaurants, theaters, especially large public places, it is necessary to determine the location of their exits. At the same time, for doors, windows, skylights, balconies, etc., their positions must be clarified. Secondly, it is important to pay attention to the location of emergency doors, shelters, safety exits, alarms, fire extinguishers, and items that may be used as escape equipment, such as bed sheets, towels, duvet covers, curtains, etc. Only in this way can we be prepared for any danger, and in the event of a fire, we may escape the scene smoothly and save our lives.

2. Take immediate smoke prevention measures

When feeling stimulated by smoke or fire, smoke prevention measures should be taken regardless of whether there is smoke nearby. The commonly used smoke prevention measure is to cover the mouth and nose with a dry or wet towel. If a dry towel is used, the more layers it folds, the better the smoke removal effect. Wet towels have better smoke removal effects, and the wetter the towel, the better the effect. But if the towel is too wet, it can easily cause breathing difficulties. When the moisture content of the towel is 1.5-2.5 times its own weight, the smoke removal effect of the towel is actually worse than that of a dry towel due to the thinning of the weaving thread and the increase in gaps caused by moisture.

When using a towel to cover your mouth and nose, be sure to increase the area of filtered smoke as much as possible. Indeed, cover your mouth and nose tightly. When passing through the smoke area, even if you feel an increase in breathing resistance, you should not remove the towel because once removed, it may lead to poisoning.

3. When evacuating and escaping from a fire, it is important to remain calm, overcome panic, self suggestion, and eliminate nervousness. Then you can cover your mouth and nose with a towel and choose a practical and feasible escape route. For frequently used doors, windows, corridors, stairs, emergency doors, exits, etc., before opening the doors and windows, it is necessary to first feel if they are hot. If they are already hot, they cannot be opened. Immediately change direction and choose another path.

4. When escaping, do not retreat to narrow corners, such as under the bed, wall corners, under tables, or in large wardrobes. When passing through thick smoke areas, try to move forward as quickly as possible in a * position or a crawling position, and cover your mouth and nose with a damp towel. Pay attention to closing the doors and windows on the passage at will to prevent and delay the smoke from tracking and flowing towards the escape passage. If your clothes catch fire, quickly remove them and roll them on the spot to extinguish the fire. Be careful not to roll too quickly, and do not run in burning clothing. If there is a nearby pool, you can quickly jump into the water.

5. Do not easily take a regular elevator on a fire. Due to *, power outages often occur during fires, causing elevator jamming and increasing the difficulty of rescue work; Secondly, the elevator entrance leads directly to each floor of the building, and smoke entering the elevator passage can easily form a "chimney effect". People inside the elevator can be choked and suffocated by thick smoke and toxic gases at any time.

6. If it's not hot, you can only carefully open it a little and quickly pass through, then quickly close it. When it is really difficult to distinguish the direction, one should evacuate in the direction away from fireworks and try not to evacuate upstairs. When evacuating, one should establish the idea that time is life and escape *. Escape quickly, the faster the action, the better. Do not delay time due to searching or moving certain items.